ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective. Two experiments were conducted on a slaughterhouse located in Brazil, which the first aimed at evaluating the injuries on pig skin and carcass resulting from slaughterhouse waiting area management and the second aimed at assessing how glucose (G), sodium bicarbonate (SB) and vitamin E (VE) added to water during pre-slaughter fasting may affect carcass yield, organ relative weight and pork meat quality characteristics. Materials and methods. First trial included 1000 pigs, which were observed in the slaughterhouse resting area until the moment they entered the stunning process area. In the second trial were used 500 animals distributed on the last pre-slaughter day in a completely randomized design, including ten treatments and ten replicates. The treatments were: water; 50 g/L G; 50 g/L G + 200 mg/L of VE; 75 g/L of G; 75 g/L of G + 200 mg VE; 0.45% SB; 0.45% SB + 200 mg/L of VE; 0.55% SB; 0.55% SB + 200 mg/L of VE; 200 mg/L of VE. Results. Carcass yield and relative organ weight were not affected by treatments. The addition of 0.55% SB + 200 mg VE reduced the final pH of meat, and of 0.45% SB reduced the red pigment intensity. Conclusions. The main occurrences of injuries to the skin and carcass of pigs are due to fights. Also, adding glucose, sodium bicarbonate, and vitamin E to diet did not affect the carcass and viscera yield and meat quality.
RESUMEN Objetivo. Se realizaron dos experimentos en un beneficiadero en Brasil, dirigido a la evaluación de las lesiones en la piel de cerdo y la canal en la área de espera del beneficiadero y destinado a evaluar los efectos de glucosa (G), bicarbonato de sodio (SB) y vitamina E (VE) añadida al agua durante el ayuno antes de la masacre en el rendimiento de la canal, de órganos y la calidad de la carne. Materiales y métodos. En primer ensayo incluyó a 1.000 cerdos, observados en la zona de descanso del beneficiadero hasta la entrada en el área del aturdimiento. En el segundo ensayo se utilizaron 500 animales en el último día antes del beneficio, en un diseño experimental incluyendo diez repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron: agua; 50 g/L G; 50 g/L G + 200 mg/L VE; 75 g/L G; 75 g/L G + 200 mg VE; 0.45% SB; 0.45% SB + 200 mg/L VE; 0.55% SB; 0.55% SB + 200 mg/L VE; 200 mg/L of VE. Resultados. Los rendimiento de la canal y de órganos no se vieron afectados por los tratamientos. La adición de 0.55 % SB + 200 mg VE redujo el pH final de la carne, y de 0.45 % SB reduce el valor de pigmento rojo. Conclusiones. Los principales casos de lesiones en la piel y la canal de cerdos se deben a peleas. La adición de los nutrientes en el agua de bebida no afectó a la carcasa, el rendimiento vísceras y calidad de la carne.
ABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusão de cloreto de amônia na dieta pré-parto de ovelhas leiteiras sobre o pH urinário, cálcio sérico e metabolismo energético dos animais. Foram utilizadas vinte fêmeas ovinas da raça Lacaune, separadas em dois grupos: o Grupo Controle (GC, n=10) que recebeu a dieta pré-parto sem adição de cloreto de amônia e o Grupo Tratado (GT, n=10) que recebeu a dieta pré-parto com a inclusão de 0,4% de cloreto de amônia do total de matéria seca (MS) consumida por animal/dia. As coletas de urina e sangue ocorreram aos 120 (M0), 127 (M1) e 135 (M2) dias de gestação. Foram avaliados o pH urinário e os níveis séricos de cálcio, cetonas, glicose e colesterol. Houve redução no pH urinário no GT nos dias 127 e 135 de gestação. Os valores de cetonas séricas foram inferiores no GT no dia 135 de gestação enquanto que os níveis de cálcio e colesterol foram superiores neste grupo no mesmo momento tempo avaliado. Não houve diferença nos valores de glicose entre os grupos. Desta forma, conclui-se que a inclusão de 0,4% de cloreto de amônia do total de matéria seca consumida por animal/dia na dieta pré-parto de ovelhas leiteiras foi eficiente na manutenção da calcemia neste período e que esta pode estar associada à não redução do status energético em ovelhas gestantes.
This research was done to evaluate the effect of inclusion of ammonium chloride in the pre-partum diet in dairy sheep over the urinary pH and in calcium and energetic metabolism of these animals. Twenty ewe of Lacaune breed were separated into two groups, the Control Group (CG, n = 10) that received pre-partum diet without ammonium chloride and Treated Group (TG, n = 10) that received the diet pre-partum with 0.4% of ammonium chloride in total dry matter (DM) consumed per animal/day. The samples of urine and blood were collected in 120 (M0), 127 (M1) and 135 (M2) days of gestation. The parameters assessed were the urine pH and serum levels of calcium, ketones, glucose and cholesterol. In the urinary pH assay occurred a reduction in the GT on 127 and 135 days of gestation. The values were lower in the serum ketones in GT on 135 of gestation on the day whereas calcium levels and cholesterol levels were higher in this group at the same experimental time. There was no difference in glucose values between groups. Thus, it is concluded that inclusion of 0.4% of ammonium chloride to the total dry matter intake per animal/day in the pre-partum diet of milk sheep was effective in maintaining calcium levels over this period. And yet, this maintenance of calcium levels may be associated with no reduction in energy status in pregnant ewes.